[43][45] Hyhnen arrived in Paris on May Day, having sailed from the U.S. aboard La Libert. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. Yet, the relentless search to identify the person who had brought the hollow nickel to New York, as well as the person for whom the coded message was intended, continued. This man occasionally walked about the park; he appeared to be nervous; and he created the impression that he was looking for someonepossibly attempting to determine any unusual activity in the neighborhood. Among the tenants was one Emil R. Goldfus, a photographer who had operated a studio on the fifth floor since January, 1954and who also had formerly rented a fifth-floor storage room there. Operating as a Soviet spy in New York City, he was imprisoned for espionage following a high-profile trial in 1957. Several weeks before he departed for America, Hayhanen was recalled to Moscow and introduced to a Soviet agent, Mikhail, who was to serve as his espionage superior in this country. ) (n. 11 iulie 1903, Newcastle Marea Britanie - d. 15 noiembrie 1971, Moscova ), nsc. The bolt was found on May 15, 1957. His codename was "MARK". If thats `Mark, hell return, they correctly surmised. In 1990 the USSR released a stamp depicting Rudolf Abel as part of series: Damaskin, Igor with Elliott, Geoffrey. Inside was a tiny photographapparently a picture of a series of numbers. He was awarded a little pension and released KGB -approved memoirs in 1968. [27] The only visitors to Fisher's studio were artist friends with whom he felt safe from suspicion. They then contacted James B. Donovan. One of these dead drops was an iron picket fence at the end of 7th Avenue near Macombs bridge. According to Hayhanen, Mark was a colonel in the KGB and had been engaged in espionage work since approximately 1927. Although the FBI was convinced that it had finally identified the Soviet espionage apparatus which was responsible for the hollow Jefferson nickel, only one half of the mystery posed by this coin since its discovery in June 1953 had been solved. From July 1949 to October 1952, Hayhanen resided in Finland and established his identity as the American-born Eugene Maki. In the R of the word TRUST, there was a tiny holeobviously drilled there so that a fine needle or other small instrument could be inserted to force the nickel open. While studying in Berlin during the partition of the city in 1961, he was imprisoned in East Germany for six months, then released in a Cold War "spy swap" that also involved downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers.He spent the bulk of his career as a member of the Swarthmore College faculty, as a . Genrich Fischer (or Fisher), Abels father and a friend of Lenins, emigrated to Britain around 1901, where he spent 20 years attempting to organize and indoctrinate his fellow factory workers before returning to Russia. I have a sinus condition.. He returned to the Soviet Union in 1936, as head of a school that trained radio operators destined for duty in illegal residences. The unidentified Soviet agent was an accomplished photographer, and Hayhanen recalled that on one occasion in 1955, Mark took him to a storage room where he kept photo supplies on the fourth or fifth floor of a building located near Clark and Fulton Streets in Brooklyn. [27] Fisher, as Kayotis, then travelled aboard the RMSScythia from Le Havre, France, to North America, disembarking at Quebec. This also was the case with the hollow nickel. (2001). The newsboy handed the nickel to a New York detective, who in turn forwarded it to the FBI. The money Hyhnen received from the KGB to support the network was instead spent on alcohol and prostitutes. Hyhnen fabricated stories to justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the FBI had taken him off the RMS Queen Mary. In the intelligence and counterintelligence field, patience is more than a virtue. The message apparently was intended for Hayhanen and had been sent from the Soviet Union shortly after his arrival in the United States. The latter must have "felt it" - . The real Eugene Nicolai Maki was born in Enaville, Idaho on May 30, 1919. NUMBER 1, 3RD OF DECEMBER.. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. If you suspect that you are under surveillance, place a white thumb tack on the board.. After he collected for the newspaper, Jimmy left the apartment house jingling several coins in his left hand. British intelligence officer and Soviet spy. Moments later, FBI agents saw him take a subway to 28th Street, and they stood by unnoticed as he emerged from the subway and walked to the Hotel Latham on East 28th Street. This description was matched against the descriptions of Soviet representatives who had been in the United States between 1952 and 1954. Rudolf Abel, in full Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, original name William August Fisher, (born July 11, 1903, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, Englanddied November 15, 1971, Moscow, Russia), Soviet intelligence officer, convicted in the United States in 1957 for conspiring to transmit military secrets to the Soviet Union. From 1953 to 1957, continuing efforts were made to solve the mystery of the hollow coin. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Abel reported to command and asked evacuation of the guy. [2][4] On 15 November 1957, Judge Mortimer W. Byers imposed on Fisher a total sentence of thirty years and fines of $3,000. Following his arrival in New York on May 10, 1957, Hayhanen was given a thorough physical examination, suitable quarters were found for him, and arrangements were made for him to be interviewed by FBI agents. In 1962, he was. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested in Manhattans Latham Hotel. The longtime intelligence operative died in Moscow in 1971, his story later revived in the 2015 movie Bridge of Spies. El a purtat mai multe nume printre care se numea Rudolf Ivanovici Abel, Willie"), William Genrihovici (August) Fisher, Emil Robert Goldfus sau Frank, Marc, Andrew Kayotis, Martin Collins. Thus, 1957 agents confront Rudolf Abel and He intends to shred the note. Hayhanen did not know where Mark was residing or the name which Mark was using; however, he was able to furnish many other details concerning him. In Warsaw, he discarded his Soviet passport and using a U.S. passport travelled via Czechoslovakia and Switzerland to Paris. Abel returned to Moscow, where the KGB pushed him into retirement, fearing that he had been persuaded to become a double agent during his five years in captivity by American authorities. [45], During Fisher's detainment the FBI had been searching his hotel room and photo studio, where they discovered espionage equipment including shortwave radios, cipher pads, cameras and film for producing microdots, a hollow shaving brush, and numerous "trick" containers including hollowed-out bolts. [2][50], On 15 June 1957, Hyhnen was shown a photograph of Fisher taken by the FBI with a hidden camera. The .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Steven Spielberg-helmed flick starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, with British actor Mark Rylance taking on the role of the mysterious Soviet spy. Just before their transfer, Frederic Pryoran American student held by East German authorities since August 1961was released to American authorities at another border checkpoint. Using the alias Emil Goldfus, he set up an artist's studio. On May 7, the United States acknowledged that the U-2 had probably flown over Soviet territory but denied that it had authorized the mission. >> have to thank mark palermo for bringing this to us and the brooklyn historical society. Place seems right. In September 1939, Hayhanen was appointed to the primary school faculty in the Village of Lipitzi. Finally, Powers and Abel were waved forward and crossed the border into freedom at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time. He displayed a birth certificate from the state of Idaho which showed that he was born in Enaville on May 30, 1919, and, in the presence of a Vice Consul, he executed an affidavit in which he explained that his family had left the United States in 1928: I accompanied my mother to Estonia when I was eight years of age and resided with her until her death in 1941. Svirin was beyond reach of American justice. Two months later, however, he was conscripted by the Communists secret police, the NKVD. He mingled with New York artists, who were surprised by his admiration for the Russian painter Isaak Levitan, although Fisher was careful not to discuss Stalinist "socialist realism". He received the acclaimed Order of Lenin in 1966, and published his KGB-approved memoirs in 1968. [29], In 1950, Fisher's illegal residency was endangered by the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, for whom Lona Cohen had been a courier. TRANSMIT INSERTIONS SEPARATELY.5. The real Andrew Kayotis was Lithuanian born and had become an American citizen after migrating to the United States. Why, weve never seen a hollow coinor, for that matter, even heard of one before.. [45] Escape was complicated because, if "MARK" had been compromised by Hyhnen, Fisher's other identities could have been compromised as well. It contained the following typewritten message: Nobody came to meeting either 8 or 9thas I was advised he should. [37] Fisher was disturbed by Hyhnen's lack of work ethics and his obsession with alcohol. [9] As Heinrich Fisher had served a sentence for offenses against the Russian Imperial Crown, he was forced to flee to the United Kingdom in 1901,[10] the alternative being deportation to Germany or imprisonment in Russia for avoidance of military service. This was the first time, however, that the FBI had ever encountered a nickel quite like this one. WE CONGRATULATE YOU ON A SAFE ARRIVAL. Astrological Sign: Cancer, Death Year: 1971, Death date: November 15, 1971, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Rudolf Abel Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/crime/rudolf-abel, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 18, 2021, Original Published Date: October 14, 2015. It felt lighter than an ordinary nickel. He also must be identified. On July 15, 1947, Andrew Kayotis, then residing in Detroit, was issued a passport so that he could visit relatives in Europe. [26] His new passport bore the name Andrew Kayotis, the first of Fisher's false identities. Can you break this dollar bill for me?. [62] The jury retired for three and a half hours and returned on the afternoon of October 25, 1957, finding Fisher guilty on all three counts. From the fall of 1952 until early in 1954, he said, Mikhail served as his espionage superior in New York. On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. During the FBIs extensive interviews with him, in May 1957 Hayhanen was carefully questioned regarding the codes and cryptosystems which he had used in the various Soviet intelligence agencies he had served since 1939. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, alias Mark, alias Collins, alias Goldfus v. United States. Two separate coins obviously had been used in making this trick 50 Markka piece. One of these was Morton Sobell, whose wife had failed to receive the $5,000 embezzled by Hyhnen. While the surveillance continued at 252 Fulton Street, other FBI agents made daily checks on the dead drops that Hayhanen stated he and Mark had used. The painter in question is Rudolf Abel (brilliantly played by Mark Rylance with wry, mournful soul), first seen serenely composing a self-portrait in his Brooklyn apartment in 1957, at the height of Cold War dread and paranoia. [32] Fisher was relieved when the Rosenbergs did not disclose any information about him to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), but the arrests heralded a bleak outlook for his new spy network. Hyhnen was able only to provide Fisher's codename, "MARK", and a description. And both coins had a small hole in one printed letter so that a sharp-pointed instrument, such as a needle, could be used to open them. economics. Rudolf Abel was born William Fisher in England in 1903. Donovan had played an important role in the negotiations that led to the swap. A search of his Brooklyn studio uncovered a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a code book, radio transmitting equipment and phony identifications. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! On February 10, 1962 it was exchanged in Berlin. EVERYTHING IS ALL RIGHT WITH THE FAMILY. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. The search for this storage room led FBI agents to a building at 252 Fulton Street. They carefully wrapped the nickel and microphotograph for shipment to the FBI Laboratory. [4] He served just over four years of his sentence before he was exchanged for captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. By a five-to-four decision which was handed down on March 28, 1960, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of this Russian spy. In August, Powers pleaded guilty to espionage charges in Moscow and was sentenced to 10 years imprisonmentthree in prison and seven in a prison colony. [27] Grigulevich gave Fisher a genuine birth certificate, a forged draft card and a forged tax certificate, all under the name of Emil Robert Goldfus, along with $1,000. Svirin, however, had returned to Moscow two years previously. This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 19:55. Abel v. United States. The newsboy accidentally dropped the nickel and it broke in half, revealing a microphotograph containing a series of numbers. The court sentenced Abel to 30 years imprisonment. In October 1948, using a Soviet passport, he travelled from Leningradsky Station to Warsaw. He refused to cooperate at all. However, the Soviets retained his passport, which Fisher eventually used. [37], After arriving in New York, Hyhnen spent the next two years establishing his identity. [15][16] Though Fisher qualified for university, the costs prohibited him from attending. Soviet agent Rudolf Ivanovich Abel sent and received coded messages that were hidden inside such things as hollow U.S. coins, bolts, and batteries. The certificate in the name of Collins was a forgery. Inside was a tiny photograph, showing a series of numbers too small to read. In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel". On May 5, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the American spy aircraft had been shot down and two days later revealed that Powers was alive and well and had confessed to being on an intelligence mission for the CIA. [Image at top: An image of Abel's actual apartment at 252 Fulton Street in DUMBO. [44] Upon hearing he was due to return to Moscow, Hyhnen was fearful that he would be severely disciplined or even executed. Rudolph Abel Exchange For Garry Powers (1962) Watch on. The Soviet spy, Rudolf Abel, has written a note to James B. Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a 1957 espionage trial . What happened to Gary Powers in 1977? He eventually became fluent in several languages and developed a love for radio communications. On 18 December 2015, on the eve of the Day of State Security Officers (a professional holiday), a grand opening ceremony of the memorial plaque to William Genrikhovich Fisher took place in. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. Fisher said nothing to the FBI and, after spending twenty-three minutes staring at Fisher, the FBI agents called in the waiting Immigration and Naturalization Service officers who arrested Fisher and detained him under section 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. Prior to his departure, Hyhnen returned to Bear Mountain Park and retrieved the buried $5,000 for his own use. He was, however, able to tell the FBI about Fisher's studio and its location. "Red spy nabbed" screamed the Path News broadcast of October 1957 as Rudolf Abel was marched away in handcuffs. In 1957, Reino Hayhanen, a lieutenant colonel in the KGB, walked into the American embassy in Paris and announced his intention to defect to the West. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. To exchange messages and intelligence data, they used dead dropsinconspicuous hiding placesin the New York area. Theodore "Ted" Hall (codenamed "MLAD"), a physicist, was the most important agent in the network in 1945, passing atomic secrets from Los Alamos. Afterward, Fisher sent Donovan two rare manuscripts as a show of his appreciation. The action remained secret until it was successfully completed. Donovan traveled to the Soviet embassy in East Berlin to negotiate the exchange, and on February 10, 1962, the two prisoners crossed paths as they were released on the Glienicke Bridge between East and West Germany. this is just under two hours. The drama of Fisher's trial and the subsequent negotiations that led to the prisoner exchange were revived with the release of the 2015 movie Bridge of Spies. As identification symbols, Hayhanen wore a blue and red striped tie and smoked a pipe. [2][39][40] Over time his artistic technique improved and he became a competent painter, though he disliked abstract painting, preferring more conventional styles. [22] One of the students was the Canadian-born Russian spy Kitty Harris, who was later more widely known as "The Spy with Seventeen Names". Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. [4] The other prisoner was Kurt Ponger, an Austrian who had been sentenced for conspiracy to commit espionage. They immediately noted that it bore a great similarity to the Jefferson nickel which the Brooklyn newsboy had discovered in 1953. The case, which had made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into obscurity. She disappeared for a moment, then returned with a purse in her hand. President John F. Kennedy commuted Abels sentence, and, on February 10, 1962, in a ceremony on a bridge between West Berlin and East Germany (Potsdam), Abel was exchanged for Powers and Frederic L. Pryor, an American student who had been held without charge in East Germany since August 1961. [10] However, in 1938 he was dismissed from the NKVD, which the OGPU had been renamed to in 1934. The exchange took place on the Glienicke Bridge that linked West Berlin with Potsdam, which became famous during the Cold War as the "Bridge of Spies". In 1948, he slipped across the Canadian border into the United States, where he set about reorganizing the Soviet spy network. The Hollow Nickel Case (or the Hollow Coin) was the FBI investigation that grew out of the discovery of a container disguised as a U.S. coin and containing a coded message, eventually found to concern espionage activities of William August Fisher ( a.k.a. [24] Fisher's role in this operation was rewarded with what his superiors regarded as one of the most prestigious postings in Soviet foreign intelligence, the United States. During this period, Fisher posed as a photographer and painter named Emil R. Goldfus and immersed himself in a Brooklyn artistic community. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Sorry, Jimmy, she said. Click to read about one of the pieces of espionage equipment found in Abels apartment. Hayhanen was born near Leningrad on May 14, 1920. [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. After the war, he began working for the KGB, which sent him to the United States where he worked as part of a spy ring based in New York City. Full case name. One year laterJuly 28, 1952a passport was issued to Hayhanen as Eugene Maki at Helsinki. FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. Shortly afterward, when U.S. jet pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured in Soviet territory, the idea of swapping Powers for Fisher gained steam. [33][34][35] The thumbtack signaled to Fisher that Hyhnen, his new assistant, had arrived. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. And, when Mikhail dropped from the scene in 1954, Hayhanen was turned over to another Russian spy, one known only as Mark. Hayhanen felt that Mark undoubtedly was still actively engaged in espionage within the United States! . [41] Fisher sometimes related made-up stories of previous lives, as a Boston accountant and a lumberjack in the Pacific Northwest. He described Mikhail as probably between 40 and 50 years old; medium build; long, thin nose; dark hair; and about five feet, nine inches tall. During this period, he was most cautious to avoid suspicion or attracting attention to himselfhis Soviet superiors wanting him to become established as an ordinary, hard-working citizen. [43] In January 1957, Hyhnen received a message from Moscow promoting him to Lieutenant Colonel and granting him leave in the Soviet Union. ACCORDING TO YOUR REQUEST, WE WILL TRANSMIT THE FORMULA FOR THE PREPARATION OF SOFT FILM AND NEWS SEPARATELY, TOGETHER WITH (YOUR) MOTHERS LETTER.4. Answer (1 of 4): Rudolf Abel fell victim to poor selection of a helper, if it was not enemy conspiracy in Moscow. Abel, in the Old Testament, second son of Adam and Eve, who was slain by his older brother, Cain (Genesis 4:1-16). In examining the nickel, agents of the FBIs New York Office noted that the microphotograph appeared to portray nothing more then ten columns of typewritten numbers. Cain then became a fugitive because his brother's innocent blood put a . Letters subsequently received from him indicated that he was in a Lithuanian hospital. From the long list of possible suspects, the most logical candidate appeared to be Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin. Using this passport, he sailed October 16, 1952 from Southhampton, England aboard the Queen Mary and arrived at New York City on October 21, 1952. His son, born in England and going to Russia with his father, joined the Soviet intelligence and security agency GPU (the predecessor of the KGB) in 1927 and operated in western European countries and the Soviet Union in the next two decades. After serving four years of a 30-year sentence in an Atlanta, Georgia, prison, Rudolf Abel was traded to the Soviet Union for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, who had been shot down in a U-2 spy plane over Russia. "That Russian spy" was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, who less than two weeks earlier had been indicted by a Brooklyn grand jury. In 1970, he published a book, Operation Overflight, about the incident and in 1977 was killed in the crash of a helicopter that he flew as a reporter for a Los Angeles television station. Following World War II, he rose to the rank of senior operative authorized representative of the Segozerski district section of the NKGB and, with headquarters in the Village of Padani, set about the task of identifying dissident elements among the local citizens. He died in 1971. On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously. For example, in 1954, Mark instructed him to locate an American Army sergeant, one formerly assigned to the United States Embassy in Moscow. He had then spent three years in Finland taking over Maki's identity. READ MORE:The Spy Who Kept the Cold War From Boiling Over. [6] In 1896, he was arrested for sedition and sentenced to three years internal exile. Investigation in Detroit disclosed that several persons there considered Kayotis to be in poor physical condition at the time of his departure from the United States. [2][37][38], Late in 1953, Fisher moved to Brooklyn and rented a room in a boarding house on Hicks Street. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. In the modest home of Hayhanen and his wife on Dorislee Drive in Peekskill, New York, FBI agents found such items as a 50 Markka coin from Finland. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. IT IS TOO EARLY TO SEND YOU THE GAMMAS. All Rights Reserved. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. Its not suitable for a magic trick, one novelty salesman commented. [25], After rejoining the KGB in 1946, Fisher was trained as a spy for entry into the United States. Verified questions. From New York came a half dollar which had been ground in such a manner that smaller coins could be concealed under it. This man was followed down Fulton Street to a nearby subway station. FBI Laboratory experts examined this Finnish coin on May 17, 1957. William Ghenrihovici Fischer. Four days later, instead of continuing his journey to the Soviet Union he entered the American embassy in Paris, announcing that he was a KGB officer and asking for asylum. The FBIs next task was to identify Mark, the Soviet agent who had succeeded Mikhail as Hayhanens contact man. The newsboy rested this coin, a nickel, on the middle finger of his hand. They were to resurface in the United Kingdom using the identities of Peter and Helen Kroger. An investigation which had started with a newsboys hollow nickel ultimately resulted in the smashing of a Soviet spy ring. Abel, a colonel in the KGB, ha. Please check.. He was sent to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. Is time wrong? Why? FBI agents were convinced he fit the description of "MARK". In about 1948 he illegally entered the United States and, under the name of Emil R. Goldfus, lived for some time as an artist and photographer in a Brooklyn studio apartment, where he concealed shortwave-radio transmitting and receiving equipment. [36] The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. It is known he occasionally drew attention to himself by indulging in heavy drinking sessions and heated arguments with his Finnish wife Hannah. In exchange for asylum, he promised CIA agents he could help expose a major Soviet spy network in the United States and identify its director. As the spies waited, negotiators talked in the center of the bridge where a white line divided East from West. According to Genesis, Abel, a shepherd, offered the Lord the firstborn of his flock. After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II, Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada. He served as a case officer for the "Volunteer" spy network, which was tasked with relaying atomic secrets, and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1949. Espionage within the United States storage room led FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously confront. 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