First published in 1962 by Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, the story centers on Jacob, a Jewish slave who falls in love with Wanda, a gentile woman. This book was written in an effort to project the experiences of American slaves from their standpoint rather than from the standpoint of the slave owners. The Slave Community contradicted those historians who had interpreted history to suggest that African-American slaves were docile and submissive "Sambos" who enjoyed the benefits of a paternalistic master-slave relationship on southern plantations. According to Blassingame, "Sometimes children internalized both the true personality traits and the contradictory behavioral patterns of their parents." Dont know where to start? The few exceptions include Charles S. Sydnor. "[20] Blassingame notes that when a slave couple resided on the same plantation, the husband witnessed the whipping and raping of his wife and the sale of his children. At the school Spartacus learns how to fight as a gladiator. Slave owners keep slaves ignorant of basic facts about themselves, such as their birth date or their paternity. Purchasing A SuperSummary Study Guide - a modern alternative to Sparknotes & CliffsNotes provides so much more -- including chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and important quotes. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South Revised Edition by John W. Blassingame (Author) 170 ratings Kindle $9.99 Read with Our Free App Hardcover $29.39 1 Used from $29.39 1 Collectible from $29.75 Paperback $9.99 - $66.15 91 Used from $4.27 17 New from $56.09 2 Rentals from $12.21 During breakfast, William Hamilton and several other men arrive at the house. Blassingame addresses the historiography of slavery published between 1972 and 1978 in the revised edition. While he admits that "slave interviews rival autobiographies in their revelations about the internal dynamics of bondage, the heavy editing of the WPA interviews makes them far more difficult to utilize than black autobiographies. Singer was born in 1902 and died in 1991. Blassingame's essay, "Redefining The Slave Community: A Response to Critics" appears in the volume. There, they live through Benjamin's childhood, until he finds his calling as a lecturer. [14], As Christian missionaries and slaveowners attempted to erase African religious and spiritual beliefs, Blassingame argues that "in the United States, many African religious rites were fused into onevoodoo." He mentions it because this shows the reader that slavery is very very complicated and cannot be 100% understood. Historians argued that Blassingame's use of psychological theory proved unhelpful in his interpretation. Overall his attempt to show this picture was successful because he was able to prove that slaves were worth more than a bullet (Blassingame, 331). Douglass ironically portrays his master Hugh Auld as navely surprised and indignant upon hearing the lawyer say that a slave has no right to stand witness against a white. Slaveholders use holiday time to make their slaves disaffected with freedom and to keep them from revolting. Most of the male authors had done a large part of their work before the development of women's history as a discipline, and even the most sensitive were hampered by a paucity of sources and by unfamiliarity with the questions feminists would soon raise. Even though plantation owners liked to think of enslaved people as docile, white people were still concerned about the threat of general violence and revolts. Have been using her for a while and please believe when I tell you, she never fail. The extent of submissiveness often depends on the structure of the group to which the person belongs. "[11], Blassingame asserts that historians have discussed "what could be generally described as slave 'culture,' but give little solid information on life in the quarters. 20% "[44], Blassingame builds on the historiography of Phillips, Stampp, and Elkins, but he acknowledges the influence of Charles S. Sydnor's Slavery in Mississippi (1933), Orville W. Taylor's Negro Slavery in Arkansas (1958), Eugene D. Genovese's The Political Economy of Slavery (1961), and Ann J. [49] Carl N. Degler writes in the Washington Post that Blassingame's study comes "closer than any previous study to answering the question 'what was it like to be a slave? Tensions at the shipyard increase when the white carpenters suddenly strike to protest the free black carpenters who Gardner has hired. More books than SparkNotes. Instead, Blassingame suggests that black American slaves were instead forced to endure servant hood at the expense of their culture, family life, religion and life values. Read more about the motif of slaves as property. This book not only goes into details about the labor that the slaves partook in on a daily basis that kept America up and running, but also about the cultural aspect of bring slaves into the country. He further states that slaves were respected in a somewhat different way than one typically views respect because of what they were worth to white slave owners. Blassingame explains, "Our sense of self-esteem is heightened or lowered by our perception of the images others have of us." Get your custom essay on, The Slave Community by John W. Blassingame , Get to Know The Price Estimate For Your Paper, "You must agree to out terms of services and privacy policy". We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. The family was, in short, an important survival mechanism."[24]. "[10] "African survivals" persisted in the form of folk tales, religion and spirituality, music and dance, and language. This is a dangerous undertaking, as educating slaves is forbidden; the community violently shuts down a similar school run by a white man. You'll also receive an email with the link. [28] Blassingame remarks, "In this regard, Nat, the actual and potential rebel, stands at the core of white perceptions of the slave. "[18] Christianity and enslaved black ministers slowly replaced African religious survivals and represented another aspect of slave culture which the slaves used to create their own communities. The figure of William Freeland stands in direct contrast to the rest of the slave owners in Douglasss Narrative. Read more about the narrative structure of this book. GradeSaver, 6 August 2022 Web. [42], A primary source that Blassingame did not consult in his study was the WPA slave interviews. From Douglass's fight with Covey to the end of Chapter X. [15], Slaveowners and state governments tried to prevent slaves from making or playing musical instruments because of the use of drums to signal the Stono Rebellion in 1739. Baby Suggs sensed a "dark and coming thing" in the distance, but the atmosphere of jealousy created by the townspeople clouded her perception. Rawick, "Some Notes on a Social Analysis of Slavery", pp. Stampp's study lacks the racist interpretation found in American Negro Slavery and approaches the issue from the position that there is no innate difference between blacks and whites. It seems, that the most outstanding tradition that was mentioned was the spirituals. Southern slaves often included African animals like elephants, lions, and monkeys as characters in their folk tales. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Du Bois criticized Phillips's depiction of slaves,[2] the book was considered the authoritative text on slavery in America until the 1950s. Freeland works his slaves hard, but treats them fairly. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Blassingame introduced the whole meaning of the slavery that was taking place. I'm not sure what exactly you are asking here. Background Notes. However, Blassingame emphasizes that all aspects of culture were not eliminated. To install StudyMoose App tap Sandy Jenkins also lives at Freelands at this time, and Douglass reminds readers about Sandys root and reports that Sandys superstition is common among the more ignorant slaves. The physical presence of the money Douglass earns with his labor reinforces his sense of the injustice of slavery. "[1] American Negro Slavery is infused with racial rhetoric and upholds perceptions about the inferiority of black people common in the southern United States at the time. Mills suggests, "All controversy and revision aside, The Slave Community remains a significant book, and the author's position that the bulk of both slaves and slaveowners lay between the stereotyped extremes proves durable. According to Blassingame, these periodicals printed slave interviews, letters, and autobiographies, but "gave even more coverage to white Southerners than to slaves and frequently reprinted articles, letters, and proceedings from a large number of Southern newspapers". In John W. Blassingames own words, This book describes and analyzes the life of the black slave: his African heritage, culture, family, acculturation, behavior, religion, and personality (xi). In practice, plantation owners and managers understood that enslaved people had diverse personalities and had to be controlled using methods beyond brutal coercion. Bringing African's over to America brought a whole new culture to America. Rawick, "Some Notes on a Social Analysis of Slavery", pp. This book analyzes the experience of slaves in the South during misjudgement and confusion. "[9], According to Blassingame, African culture was not entirely removed from slave culture through the process of enslavement and "was much more resistant to the bludgeons that was slavery than historians have hitherto suspected. He paints the Atlantic as an exceptionally violent place. Yet the slaves value their education so highly that they attend Douglass's school despite the threat of punishment. It might have been performed on stage, but was more likely simply read aloud by several different voices. Retrieved from http://studymoose.com/the-slave-community-by-john-w-blassingame-essay. Douglass soon succeeds in getting some of his fellow slaves interested in learning how to read. Hugh Auld comes to resemble a thief who steals what is not his, rather than an owner of property by which he profits. In a review in the William and Mary Quarterly, George Mullin is especially critical of Blassingame's use of psychology, stating that Blassingame "reduc[es] slave behavior and culture to a question of roles and psychological characteristics". She found his discussion of slave personality types "fascinating" and "his methodological aims important" but "not systematically pursued". The book nonetheless received heavy criticism by academics who disagreed with Blassingame's conclusions, methodology, and sources. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. The Nat type of slaves were rebellious and tried repeatedly to escape from bondage and gave their owners a hard time. Chapter 104. Rawick is convinced that Blassingame would have reached the same conclusions from the sources without the use of psychology "because the historical evidence as seen through an unadulterated commitment to the struggles of the slaves and an equally uncompromising hostility to the masters would have led him there. Music, songs, and dances were similar to those performed or played in Africa. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. [59][60], In 1976, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History met in Chicago and held a session on The Slave Community. This guide covers the 1979 Oxford University Press edition. THe Slave Community TIMELINE Chapter 1 The South Carolina clergyman and editor William P. Harrison reported that in 1855 there were hundreds of slaves in the state who "still jabbered unintelligibly in their Gullah ad other African dialects " " Southern whites cannot walk, talk, Get started for FREE Continue. After you claim a section youll have 24 hours to send in a draft. creating and saving your own notes as you read. The irony with which Douglass writes of American human rights in theory and in practice also seems present in the Narratives subtitle, An American Slave. He concludes that Blassingame's "analysis is incomplete in its presentation of a different and more complex scene" even though he "effectively shows the difficulties of the concentration-camp image and the Sambo myth". Here Douglass puns on the comfort of living with Freeland as his master and his stronger desire to live on free land. Douglass, resolving to attempt an escape sometime during the year, sets about offering his fellow slaves the chance to join him. Next. Blassingame has also written several other books and articles that revolve around the issue of slavery in America. Can you re-state your question? Chapter 106. Douglass writes travel passes, signed by their master, for each of them. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. However, he goes to state that these personality types can be misleading based on the extent to which slaves acted the way their masters expected them to behave (Blassingame, 242 243). Her argument is similar to Blassingame's: "This present study takes a look at slave women in America and argues that they were not submissive, subordinate, or prudish and that they were not expected to be so. When she loses her grip, the boy falls into a nearby river and drowns. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. For example, Douglasss first escape attempt involves several people and fails, whereas he presents his successful escape as the act of an individual. Using psychology, Blassingame analyzes fugitive slave narratives published in the 19th century to conclude that an independent culture developed among the enslaved and that there were a variety of personality types exhibited by slaves. Written by Hellen Boss. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. The fight with Covey causes Douglass to regain his spirit and defiance, as well as his resolve to be free. Dont waste Your Time Searching For a Sample, The Life, Career and Connection to the LGBT Community of the British Singer, Elton John, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas An American Slave, Human Trafficking in Time of Transatlantic Slave Trade, Aphra Bhen's Oroonoko "The royal Slave" and "Candide, Or Optimism". The book is considered crucial to the study of American slavery and African American history. In The Slave Community, Blassingame argues that "historians have never systematically explored the life experiences of American slaves." Though Douglass remains with Freeland for another year in 1835, by this time he desires his freedom more strongly than ever. Blassingame writes: Contemporaries often have a greater appreciation of the strengths and weaknesses of statistics than do the scholars who utilize them decades after they are compiled. Furthermore, enslaved people had complex relationships with white people, specifically slave women being white mens mistresses or raising the children of plantation owners. [62] The authors of Reckoning with Slavery (1976) use Blassingame's findings to challenge the assertions of Robert William Fogel and Stanley Engerman in Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery (1974). Request a complete Study Guide for this title! Blassingame notes, "Antebellum black slaves created several unique cultural forms which lightened their burden of oppression, promoted group solidarity, provided ways for verbalizing aggression, sustaining hope, building self-esteem, and often represented areas of life largely free from the control of whites. One day, four white apprentices attack Douglass at the shipyard and nearly destroy his left eye. As an apprentice who is not free, Douglass continues working at Gardners, but he endures severe physical intimidation from the white apprentices. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Slave by Isaac Bashevis Singer. He believes that children recognized submissiveness as a convenient method to avoid punishment and the behavior in the quarters as the true behavioral model. In the quarters, he "acted like a man", castigating whites for the mistreatment of himself and his family; in the field working for the master, he appeared obedient and submissive. Douglass is grateful that Mr. Freeland is not a hypocritically religious man. The two girls begin to grow apart. The most dangerous of slavery's effects is its negative impact on the former slaves' senses of self, and the novel contains multiple examples of self-alienation. (1973). The book includes essays by the panelists as well as James D. Anderson, Ralph D. Carter, John Henrik Clarke, and Stanley Engerman. Where Written: London When Published: 1688 Literary Period: Restoration Literature Genre: Prose fiction, travel narrative, early English novel Setting: Coramantien and Suriname He concludes that an "E. P. Thompson for the American Black community during slavery is still off-stage", and that the topic needs exploration by a social or economic historian. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature sixteen years after the novel was published. Community; Blassingame grants that slaveowners did have control over slave marriages. Navigation. As an isolated figure, he appropriately resembles the protagonist of a traditional comingofage story. "[67], Elizabeth Fox-Genovese makes similar observations in Within the Plantation Household: Black and White Women of the Old South (1988). Generally, the public, or persuasivesections of the Narrative generally either disprove pro-slavery arguments, present antislavery arguments, or disabuse readers of misinformation or misinterpretation about the practices of slave owners. "[4] Elkins also dismisses Phillips's claim that African American slaves were innately submissive "Sambos". We have over 4,000 in-depth study guides that offer a comprehsive analysis to each book. Likewise, enslaved people trying to hold onto their family names and keep their families togetherdespite slave owners selling spouses and childrenfound ways to assert themselves through forming and protecting bonds old and new. [23] Blassingame concludes, "In [the slave father's] family, the slave not only learned how to avoid the blows of the master, but also drew on the love and sympathy of its members to raise his spirits. : Female Slaves in the Plantation South (1985). Yet the slaves value their education so highly that they attend Douglasss school despite the threat of punishment. She notes that The Slave Community, like other historiography produced in the 1960s and 70s, "did not directly address women's history, even though many of the historians were sensitive to women's experience. Although African American academics such as W. E. B. He argues that variations present in plantations, overseers, and masters gave the slave "much more freedom from restraint and more independence and autonomy than his institutionally defined role allowed. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. Mr. Freeland, though quicktempered, is more consistently fair than Covey. The men are placed in jail. The slaves were being compared to three major slave characters, Sambo, Jack, and Nat. Gardner agrees to fire the free black carpenters. They move to Pilitz together and Jacob finds work as a teacher. Sometimes it can end up there. You can get a custom paper by one of our expert writers. Douglass points out that their decision was far more difficult than that of Patrick Henry, whose choice between death and an oppressed lifeGive me liberty or give me deathwas merely rhetorical. Nevertheless, Blassingame argues that "however frequently the family was broken it was primarily responsible for the slave's ability to survive on the plantation without becoming totally dependent on and submissive to his master. This enforced ignorance robs children of their natural sense of individual identity. One prominent example discussed by Blassingame is the Ewe story of "Why the Hare Runs Away", which is a trickster and tar-baby tale told by southern slaves and later recorded by writer Joel Chandler Harris in his Uncle Remus stories. As an eyewitness, the autobiographer brings the historian into contact with almost all kinds of slaves. A cultural and social history, The Slave Community purports to explore the lived experience and cultural activities of enslaved people as well as their relationships with each other and white people in the Southern United States. Douglass explains, however, that this seeming benevolence is part of the larger power structure of slavery. On the morning of their planned escape, Douglass works in thefields as usual. The book analyzes three main personality types of black slaves. They encouraged monogamous relationships to "make it easier to discipline their slaves. . Raboteau credits Blassingame and others for demonstrating the value of slave sources. Yet, like many good books, it should have been better. Douglass explains that this strategy helps keep blacks enslaved. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. "The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South" by John W. Blassingame is the first book about slavery written by a historian in the viewpoint of slaves rather than slave owners. 21, 22. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. I'm thinking this sounds right but I'm not an expert on population. I'm sorry, your question has no connection to your chosen category. [64] Historian Charles Joyner's influential study Down by the Riverside: A South Carolina Slave Community (1984) is reinforced by the findings of The Slave Community and relies on similar evidence. [31] Blassingame concludes that the Sambo and Nat stereotypes "were real." On January 1, 1834, Douglass is sent to live with Mr. William Freeland. Whether compiled by planters, doctors, clergymen, army officers, or census takers, statistics on slavery mean little until combined with literary material. The The Slave Community Note includes chapter-by-chapter summary and analysis, character list, theme list, historical context, author biography and quizzes written by community members like you. "[20] He contends: While the form of family life in the quarters differed radically from that among free Negroes and whites, this does not mean it failed to perform many of the traditional functions of the familythe rearing of children being one of the most important of these functions. When four of Gardners white apprentices attack Douglass, Douglass enjoys neither the right to defend himself nor the right see his attackers punished for their crime. In fact, statistical analyses rely so heavily on inferences that one must carefully examine the data bases to evaluate the conclusions based on them. Rawick surmises that if Blassingame had consulted the WPA slave interviews, he would have developed a picture of the "heroic struggles of black women on behalf of themselves and of the whole black community". Type your requirements and Ill connect you to Published in 1972, it analyzes the experiences of slaves in the Antebellum South during a time in history that was fraught with controversy and misunderstanding. [3], Phillips's interpretation of slavery was challenged by Kenneth M. Stampp in The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (1956) and Stanley M. Elkins in Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life (1958). Douglasss previous masters have all shared one or both of two traits: hypocritical piety or inconsistent brutality. Sullivan claims that "significant others", persons with the most power to reward and punish individual behavior, were primarily responsible for determining behavior. "[37] Blassingame asserts that through applying interpersonal and role theory to the fugitive slave narratives, historians can determine "the extent to which slaves acted the way their masters expected them to behave" and how the Sambo, Jack, and Nat personality types can be misleading. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American historian John W. Blassingame. Eventually, she delivers Jacob's baby, but when she screams out in pain, she reveals her pagan ethnicity, and when she dies in childbirth, the community bury her with the donkeys, not the people. He traces the development of the slave's personality traits, analyzes the patterns of resistance within the slave community, and proves conclusively that the slave had a rich cultural and family life that was deliberately kept hidden from the eyes of his white masters. For Douglass, the difference between the Revolutionaries and slaves is widened by the fact that slaves do not benefit from the citizens rights for which the Revolutionaries fought. Douglass recalls that he loved them and that they operated together as a single community. Blassingame did not consult in his interpretation culture to America together as a gladiator works in thefields usual., is more consistently fair than Covey 'm sorry, SparkNotes Plus is n't available your... Your question has no connection to your chosen category white carpenters suddenly strike to protest the free period. Works his slaves hard, but he endures severe physical intimidation from the white apprentices type of as! N'T available in your country misjudgement and confusion performed on stage, but he endures physical... Link below to redeem their group membership Freeland, though quicktempered, is more consistently fair than.... Elephants, lions, and monkeys as characters in their folk tales Analysis to each book white! That Blassingame did not consult in his interpretation group membership subscription and Billing page or Customer. Types of black slaves. can not be 100 % understood one day, four white apprentices to together! The Sambo and Nat stereotypes `` were real. year in 1835 by... Masters have all shared one or both of two traits: hypocritical piety or inconsistent brutality `` Some on! Quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make their slaves. to America reinforces his sense of the larger structure! Of punishment that revolve around the issue of slavery published between 1972 and 1978 in the South... Of our expert writers Douglasss Narrative live through Benjamin 's childhood, he. 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