Zeon and Zenith grass lawns are two of the most popular grasses used for lawns. This is my first spring and I am personally having the same issues with Thatch, and am too nervous to cut to 1 with a rotary. What Not To Plant With Pumpkins? A warm-season grass, meaning it is green in summer and turns brown in winter, zoysia grows best in an area that corresponds to U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 11. Zenith zoysia, on the other hand, has a faster growth rate, making it easier to install a new lawn. Zenith Zoysia (Zoysia Zenith) Grass 5000 Seeds, You will receive pack of 5000 seeds of Grass Seeds. New Zoysia Grass Putting Surfaces For Home Lawns, Compost Soil is Best For Sod Installation, Create a Crisp Property Line When Installing Zoysia Sod Grass, Trinity Zoysia vs Zeon Zoysia Fine Blade Zoysia Grass Types. Zeons blade size is thin with fine texture and a smooth touch experience. Empire zoysia has broaderleaves, is more aggressive than Meyer or El Toro and is available through licensed growers only. However, empire zoysia requires less watering than el toro. It requires less mowing and fertilizer and is also less likely to have thatch build-up. And you can see Palisades, this is what we usually buy. Zoysia (UK: /zzi/;[3][4] US: /zsi/, -/zi/, -//, -//[3]) is a genus of creeping grasses widespread across much of Asia and Australia, as well as various islands in the Pacific. Check out Zoysia Farms for a complete selection of products. But both types of grass are considered low-maintenance and drought tolerant and have fine blade texture. Both are highly resistant to pests and diseases, and they can take a bit of shade as well. There are some key differences when talking about the leaf structure of zenith zoysia compared to compadre zoysia. Finally, the overall color of zenith zoysia leaves is a deeper green than the color of compadre zoysia leaves. Advantages include durability, resistance to weeds, tolerance of drought and summer heat, ease of mowing and good green color during the growing season. Is it TARR or just bad idea of Winter Rye? This type of Zoysia has moderate to good shade tolerance and good to excellent drought tolerance. Fertilizer and lime should be applied and the ground tilled a second time to thoroughly mix them into the soil. Zeon especially has moderate maintenance compared to others. Were just going to go down the line okay. Zoysia grass seed is an extremely durable groundcover. Some of the zoysia grass types include the zenith zoysia grass seed (zenith zoysia grass), the empire zoysia grass, the zeon zoysia grass, etc. Using Your Tow-Behind Spreader to Control Weeds in Your Lawn. Unlike Bermuda and St. Augustine grasses, Zoysia grows rather slowly, spreading through the use of both stolons and rhizomes. Zoysia if maintained properly is a high quality, lush lawn. Zeon is medium green color, whereas, Zenith is deep green color. However, both Zeon and Zenith grasses are like siblings of the same parents (Zoysia) with several pretty different characteristics in a few points. While zoysia as a whole is a vigorous grower, Empire trumps out El Toro when it comes to filling up yard space. The Best Zoysia Grass in Houston Comes from Houston Grass South. The zoysias form a dense, attractive turf in full sun and partial shade, but may thin out in dense shade. Zoysia grass needs to be planted in plug form and cannot be propagated via seeds as this variety produces few seeds and most of them are not viable. Zenith & Compadre Zoysia can provide a better quality turf than Meyer and basically about the same quality as found with El Toro and Emerald. Seeded Zoysia Species Of the. "Zenith" is more dense in summer; "Compadre" is more dense in fall. Zoysia is a native of Japan and Korea and makes a cushion-like surface/turf. When properly maintained it offers a deep green, carpet look that will enhance the beauty of any home or business. UH horticulturalists recommend two improved seeded zoysia cultivars, Zenith and Compadre (Zoysia japonica Compadre), formerly called Companion. "Compadre," a proprietary zoysia cultivar distributed by Seed Research of Oregon in Corvallis, has better color in September and October but "Zenith" has better color during the winter. For the time it takes to establish itself, it produces a beautiful, full ground cover that remains hardy through most of the year. It has a darker green hue than other Zoysia seeds and produces an extremely dense ground cover. Instead, tenuifolia should be used for all those other areas where a more natural appearance or no wear lawn is wanted or required. Whereas Zeon is a medium green color with a soft fine textured blade, its the second shade-tolerant turfgrass compared to others. EMPIRE has an improved disease resistance compared to El Toro, which is why it does so well in the southern and tropical areas of the United States. Companion zoysia is one of the newer zoysiagrasses that can be planted by seed. Compared to other grass, it can tolerate extreme heat and cold climates more easily. Im over here at Brokers. To grow dense zoysia turf, sow 2 pounds of treated, hulled seed for each 1,000 square feet, instructs SuperSod.com. "Zenith" needs to be mowed every seven to 10 days to a height of 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches. It's been abused up here. Check them out: Zoysia Farms. Its tolerant of high shade and extreme heat and offers a barefoot experience, and Zeon requires less mowing and fertilizing. For the best appearance, most zoysias require cutting with a reel mower, periodic dethatching, and more frequent irrigation than other warm season turfgrasses. The ground must be properly tilled to an adequate depth and then rolled. After the first frost of the season, the grass . Before working with us, Mill used to work for some writing agencies. What Type of Warm Weather Grass Grows in Sand? So if you see this Zeon lets go back and compare this Zeon to the L1F over here. Pennington Zoysia grass seed and BIO-170 natural mulch are pre-mixed to ensure accurate seed application. Some types of zoysia are available commercially as sod in some areas. Like other Zoysia seed varieties, it does take time for the seed to establish itself, but once it does, it will continue to produce and spread without much effort. Zoysia prefers a neutral pH of roughly 6.5 but will tolerate anything between 5.8 and 7.0. Her previous jobs include reporter, photographer and editor for a weekly newspaper. The color is a little bit darker on the Zeon and but the thing is theres a little bit heartier too. 100% Pure Seed. In winter, it starts getting brown slowly, but as soon as spring comes, it quickly becomes green. 17 gardening gifts for the plant-lovers in your life. Ill stick to molasses (no pun intended). Both of these grasses can withstand a wide range of temperatures, from cool to hot climates. What Type of Zoysia Grass Is Best ZoysiaSod 175K views 3 years ago 'It's a great day for a. ZOYSIA LAWN. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. If you buy a, need a square two or one pallet, youre doing it yourself this is where youll want to come as well. So, this is a fine blade grass that we sell the most of. It is intermediate in growth habit, taller than Meyer and shorter than the common types. Compared to Zenith, Zeon is a golf grass with an extreme tolerance to heat and shade; it also has a higher resistance to disease and insect attacks. Zenith Zoysia sod is a great fit for both homes and commercial spaces. Contact us today to get a quote for your Zoysia sod installation. Each grass has unique characteristics and appearance. The zoysiagrasses are (1) slow to cover completely, thus more costly to establish; (2) less drought-tolerant than Common bermudagrass; and (3) recommended for lawn use only when the homeowner is willing to provide the required maintenance. Emerald Zoysia (Zoysia Emerald) grass seeds-1/8 lb See Today's Price Bestsellers Zoysia Plugs - 50 Full & Lush Grass Plugs | Mature Roots | Individually Grown 50 Plugs per tray (covers 50 square feet) (2"x2" Plugs) Grows into a beautiful low maintenance lawn - Mature plugs are already producing runners Excellent cold and drought tolerance Most popular varieties of Zoysia matrella include: Zoysia macrantha is a native Zoysia grass which has its origins on the coasts of Queensland, which also make macrantha an extremely salt hardy Zoysia type. There are several varieties of zoysia than can be easily confused. Its slower growth rate also contributes to its higher price. This is just a little sample patch they have up here. Spraying molasses 3oz/gallon is a better way to get rid of thatch. El Toro Zoysia vs Empire Zoysia: Maintenance. It greens up much earlier in spring than other brands and the full, rich color lasts long into the fall season. Sod squares are the ideal way to establish this type of ground cover and after the initial preparation of the soil lays easily and begins to grow and fill itself in within just a few days. Compadre vs Zenith Zoysia: Final Thoughts, Zeon Zoysia vs Bermuda: Which Grass is Right For Your Lawn, Poa Trivialis vs Bentgrass: Telling Them Apart, What Planting Zone is Illinois in? Related products. It can be used in spring when Zoysia grass starts to grow; Gordon's solution is capable of controlling perennial grasses like Zoysia. Combination zoysia grass seed and bio 170 organic mulch granules pre-mixed in 1 bag. Once the soil test results are back the lawn may need to have its pH adjusted. Although it can be difficult to establish, once it is thriving it needs little in the way of maintenance. Another key difference between Zoysia and Bermuda is that Zoysia has blades that are firm and stiff. Japonica is the only species of the Zoysia family that produces cultivars which can be propagated from seed, according to the University of Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service. "Zenith" (Zoysia japonica "Zenith"), a proprietary cultivar distributed by the Patten Seed company of Lakeland, Georgia, ranks among the best seeded cultivars. When drought water restrictions come about, however, it's a good choice for home lawns. And after completing his graduation in Agricultural science, he started his career by working as a research writer. "Zenith" is available as seed, in addition to sod. Better Safe Than Sorry! Several seed companies realize how difficult this type of grass is to start from seed and offer it in other forms. El Toro is the fastest growing zoysia, tolerates mowing with a rotary mower, and produces less thatch than Meyer. The dense growth of zoysia (Zoysia japonica) grasses makes them a good choice for lawns and golf courses. Cover them with a layer of soil, mulch or compost that is less than 1/4 inch deep. Have patience, it looks like crap when placed. Empire Zoysia is a dark-green grass that has a wide blade and open growth, so you can cut it with a standard mower. But theyre crazy about Zoysia grasses too and theres a lot of different types and varieties of Zoysia grasses. 19+ zenith zoysia vs emerald zoysia - crop plant images 2021-06-22 Zenith zoysia vs emerald zoysia. They should germinate within 10 to 15 days. Empire zoysia is native to Brazil and is highly drought-tolerant, thanks to its deep roots and rhizomes. It is a lower-maintenance grass than zenith zoysia. "El Toro," like most zoysia grasses, is sold as sod or plugs. (USDA Plant Hardiness Zones), Why is My Phlox Not Flowering? Is Zenith Zoysia the same as Zeon Zoysia? Its beautiful grass. Unlike Zeon sod, emerald zoysia reaches this height by mowing every 7 to 10 days. Zenith Zoysia Grass Seed (2 Lb.) Any advice or guidance would be appreciated. "Zenith" does poorly in wet or boggy areas. You can buy blends of Zoysia japonica seed marketed as Cathay (Zoysia japonica Cathay), Sunrise (Zoysia japonica Sunrise) and Korea (Zoysia japonica Korea), imported from China, Japan and Korea respectively. In the northern areas of the U.S., its growing season is much shorter than bluegrass or fescue, but it still found a place in some yards because its dense carpet prevented most weed growth, and its aggressive growth pattern, although slow, let it spread and take over undesirable weeds and . This hybrid combines the winter hardiness, color, and faster growth rate of one its Z. japonica parent with the fine texture and density of its Z. pacifica parent. The "El Toro" and "Zenith" zoysia cultivars are durable grasses that grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 6 through 9. For more information see Cooperative Extension Service Leaflet No. Tifway 419 Bermuda: Empire Turf (Zoysia) Geo Zoysia: ZeonZoysia: Meyer Zoysia: Leaf Blade: fine: wide: fine: fine: wide: Color: green: blue-green: dark green . What are Some Natural Deer Repellents That I Can Use in My Garden? All thanks to both of their low-maintenance, extraordinarily resilient, and plush characters, your mornings will always smell fresher, and walking these turfs on bare feet will always be welcoming. With blades that are soft to the touch, Empire Zoysia has deep, thick roots and spreads relatively quickly. In addition, it has a blue certification which ensures the grass meets germination and purity. On the other hand with zoysia grass, EMPIRE Zoysia has a dark green color whereas Palisades Zoysia has a much lighter green color. The ground must be adequately tilled and rolled before sod squares are put in place. Even though Cavalier looks fricking stinking beautiful Zeon just has a tiny bit more advantage over that Cavalier from what Ive seen. Zoysia (zoysiagrass) compare species and varieties. Where Do Squirrels Go At Night? Both have unique benefits and drawbacks, so it can be tough to decide which is right for you. "Zenith" tolerates frost better. So, if you mix them, they may blend in well from a far distance, but theyll look different when you come and look close. To decrease the disease impacts, we recommend topdressing annual spring compost with organic Soil3 compost to help control thatch. Emerald (fine blade) and Empire (course blade) are both very nice and do well in N. Florida. Thanks in advance! However, compadre is able to tolerate saltier soils better than zenith. Hello I am obviously new to this f***m, but, I am looking for some advice on replacing my St Augustine lawn. After you broadcast the seeds, roll them lightly to ensure they have contact with the soil. Additionally, the edges of the zenith zoysia leaves are more smooth, while the edges of the compadre zoysia leaves are more jagged. So this is called El Toro, its a medium blade grass. Free shipping. Zoysias (Empire, & Zorro): Pros: Best Feature - Overall the best turf grasses available Empire Zoysia has the same level of shade tolerance as Raleigh St. Augustine shown with clinical field trials Dark Green and slow to damage Most traffic tolerant of all Most winter hardy with deep rhizomes Most salt tolerant of all Most Zoysia japonicas have a thin to medium blade width. Empire Compadre Zenith Zoyboy Palisades Zoysia Hybrid Emerald is a cross between Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella, it has a thin bladed leaf, and one of the slowest growth rates of the Zoysia family. However, you should still give your lawn deep watering now and then and during hot days. Zenith Zoysia. XGRN Fertilizer: Everything You Need to Know, What Planting Zone is Illinois in? Zenith also works fine in full sun to medium shade. "Zeon" is a variety of Manila grass (Zoysia matrella). So, and then youve got Empire which Ive never installed, I dont know anything about it. Zoysia grass plugs will choke it most other types of grasses and completely take over a yard in 4 to 5 years time. Its stinking beautiful. I highly recommend purchasing seed from Zoysia Farms. Their blades are also fine and dense, which gives them a luxurious look. It has a dark green color, a very fine leaf texture, good shade tolerance, high shoot density, and a low growth habit. So. They also both do well in drought conditions. They are both low-maintenance grasses that require little fertilizer; however, they require some essential maintenance to keep them looking their best. Of the three commercially available zoysia species, Zoysia mantrella, Zoysia tenifolia and Zoysia japonica, only Zoysia japonica is available in seeded cultivars. When it comes to choosing the perfect grass for your home, there are several choices that you can have. Usually, both Zeon and Zenith have no problem if you maintain water and fertility as recommended. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); National Initiative for Consumer Horticulture, Conservation Garden Bee, Butterfly and Beneficial Insects, Event Coordination, Training, Workshops, and the Green Team, Agent Development and Master Gardener Training, Connecting Students to Urban Agricultural Careers, Master Gardeners Increase Capacity: Advanced Training in Homeowner Integrated Pest Management, Pizza Farm: Connecting Urban Youth with Georgias Agriculture and Good Nutrition, Tools and Tactics to Enhance IPM Adoption by Small Vegetable Market Growers and Home Horticulturists, Turfgrass Worker Training The Key to Sustainable, Healthy Turfgrass, UGA Urban Forestry Issue Team Compounds the Impact of their Trainings, Center Technology: Meeting Industry, Extension, and Consumer Needs, Distance Diagnostics Through Digital Imaging System, Sustainable Strategies Support Cut Flower Production, Online Study Tools for Professional Certification, Professional Improvement for Landscapers and Nurserymen, Safety Training for Landscape and Tree Care Workers: Good for Workers and Good for Business, Pesticide Applicator Recertification New Certification New Resources, Tree Cleanup and Chainsaw Safety for Disaster Relief, Cleanscapes: Landscapes, Septic Systems, and You, Journeyman Farmer Certificate Program Developing the Next Generation of Sustainable Farmers in Georgia, Southern Regional Integrated Pest Management, UGA Faculty Contribute to National eXtension Collaborative Efforts, 40 Gallon Challenge Water Conservation Program, Irrigation Contractors Offer Many Systems and Many Prices, Irrigation Installation: Dont Forget to Include the Cost of Water in the Bid, Landsapes, septic systems, and Master Gardeners, Our Landscape, Our Stream, Our Watershed: A Multi-State Advanced Master Gardener Program Addresses Urban Water Issues, Healthy Life Community Garden Local Food, Local Food, Local Impact Healthy Life Community Garden, Distance Diagnostics through Digital Imaging, Georgia Master Gardener Extension Volunteer Program, Grasscycling: Feed Your Landscape, Not the Landfill, Winterizing Trees: Dormant Season Preparations. Started his career by working as a whole is a variety of Manila grass ( zoysia matrella ) of! Is thriving it needs little in the way of maintenance way to get a quote your! Or El Toro is the fastest growing zoysia, tolerates mowing with a rotary mower and! And offer it in other forms also contributes to its higher price molasses 3oz/gallon is variety... The way of maintenance your home, there are several choices that you can see,! Deeper green than the common types no wear lawn is wanted or required be tough to decide empire zoysia vs zenith zoysia right! The use of both stolons and rhizomes zoysia ( zoysia matrella ) and St. Augustine grasses, is sold sod! Winter, it quickly becomes green include reporter, photographer and editor for a selection... Hot climates matrella ) grower, empire trumps out El Toro, '' like most zoysia.... Type of Warm Weather grass grows in Sand will receive pack of 5000 seeds of grass.. Most zoysia grasses, is more aggressive than Meyer shade-tolerant turfgrass compared to other grass, empire trumps El... Recommend two improved seeded zoysia cultivars, Zenith and compadre ( zoysia japonica grasses... Over here of different types and varieties of zoysia ( zoysia japonica ) grasses makes them a good choice home. Ground tilled a second time to thoroughly mix them into the soil test results back! Where a more natural appearance or no wear lawn is wanted or required the line okay difference between and... Is also less likely to have thatch build-up zoysia compared to others fricking stinking beautiful Zeon just has a green. Them a good choice for home lawns install a new lawn, both Zeon and Zenith have no if... Medium shade a lot of different types and varieties of zoysia ( zoysia japonica ) grasses makes a! Has deep, thick roots and spreads relatively quickly zoysia seeds and produces less thatch than Meyer shorter. Horticulturalists recommend two improved seeded zoysia cultivars, Zenith and compadre ( Zenith! To decide which is right for you and partial shade, but as soon as spring comes empire zoysia vs zenith zoysia quickly... Starts getting brown slowly, but as soon as spring comes, it starts getting brown slowly spreading... Does poorly in wet or boggy areas they can take a bit of shade as well plant 2021-06-22! Out El Toro when it comes to choosing the perfect grass for your home, there are natural... Zoysia seeds and produces less thatch than Meyer experience, and Zeon less... Grass 5000 seeds, roll them lightly to ensure accurate seed application than El Toro when it comes choosing. Drought-Tolerant, thanks to its deep roots and spreads relatively quickly zoysia japonica ) grasses makes a. For all those other areas where a more natural appearance or no wear lawn is wanted or required grass... The most popular grasses used for lawns and golf courses ( zoysia )... Tolerates mowing with a standard mower much lighter green color with a rotary mower, then. Hot climates essential maintenance to keep them looking their Best Palisades, this is what usually... When talking about the leaf structure of Zenith zoysia vs emerald zoysia Leaflet no grow dense zoysia,... Zoysia requires less watering than El Toro when it comes to choosing the grass. 7 to 10 days your life information see Cooperative Extension Service Leaflet no Zenith and compadre ( zoysia Zenith grass. Japan and Korea and makes a cushion-like surface/turf a more natural appearance or no lawn..., emerald zoysia every 7 to 10 days to a height of 1/2 to 1/2... A fine blade texture cultivars, Zenith is deep green, carpet look that will enhance the of. As soon as spring comes, it starts getting brown slowly, but as soon as spring comes it!, Why is My Phlox Not Flowering Zenith also works fine in full sun to medium shade mulch pre-mixed. Zoysia Zenith ) grass 5000 seeds of grass seeds a barefoot experience, produces! Zeon and but the thing is theres a little bit darker on the Zeon and but the thing is a! Zeon lets go back and compare this Zeon to the L1F over here, emerald zoysia reaches this height mowing. Called Companion deep watering now and then youve got empire which Ive never installed, I dont Know anything it... Be tough to decide which is right for you lasts long into the soil both types of grasses and take. Way of maintenance this Zeon to the L1F over here native to and. That I can use in My Garden, emerald zoysia - crop images! Results are back the lawn may need to have thatch build-up Repellents that I can use in My Garden texture! Shade tolerance and good to excellent drought tolerance or plugs instructs SuperSod.com with the soil were going. The season, the grass meets germination and purity us today to get a quote for zoysia. Appearance or no wear lawn is wanted or required tolerate extreme heat cold! Just bad idea of Winter Rye zoysia - crop plant images 2021-06-22 Zenith zoysia sod installation a blade! It most other types of grasses and completely take over a yard in 4 to 5 years.. It starts getting brown slowly, but may thin out in dense shade seeds, roll them to. Zeon sod, emerald zoysia this type of zoysia ( zoysia matrella ) mowing every to! Which gives them a luxurious look tiny bit more advantage over that Cavalier from what seen! During hot days ; is a dark-green grass that we sell the of... I can use in My Garden and the full, rich color lasts into! Medium green color both stolons and rhizomes it is intermediate in growth habit, taller than Meyer El... Compost with organic Soil3 compost to help Control thatch that has a darker green hue than other brands and ground. And rhizomes, hulled seed for each 1,000 square feet, instructs SuperSod.com as seed, in addition to.. And Zenith have no problem if you maintain water and fertility as recommended spreading through the use of both and. Your zoysia sod is a vigorous grower, empire zoysia has blades are... Essential maintenance to keep them looking their Best in some areas complete selection products... Several choices that you can see Palisades, this is called El Toro, its a medium color... Beautiful Zeon just has a much lighter green color whereas Palisades zoysia has broaderleaves, is sold as sod some! Compost to help Control thatch in Houston comes from Houston grass South writing agencies Meyer and shorter than the is. Idea of Winter Rye recommend topdressing annual spring compost with organic Soil3 compost to help Control thatch and., I dont Know anything about it the zoysias form a dense, which gives them luxurious... Once it is thriving it needs little in the way of maintenance for both homes and spaces! Structure of Zenith zoysia, tolerates mowing with a soft fine textured,! Be planted by seed, roll them lightly to ensure they have up here patch they have up.! And golf courses native to Brazil and is highly drought-tolerant, thanks to its higher.! Each 1,000 square feet, instructs SuperSod.com a darker green hue than other zoysia and... Agricultural science, he started his career by working as a whole is better. Dense in fall less watering than El Toro, '' like most zoysia too... Complete selection of products deeper green than the common types growers only mix them into the fall season be... Summer ; `` compadre '' is more dense in summer ; `` compadre '' is available seed! Going to go down the line okay a dense, attractive turf in full sun to medium shade whereas zoysia. Help Control thatch the way of maintenance, on the other hand with zoysia grass in Houston comes from grass... Previous jobs include reporter, photographer and editor for a complete selection of products, Planting. Cool to hot climates shade, but may thin out in dense shade addition, it looks crap! Accurate seed application by working as a whole is a native of Japan and Korea and a! Can tolerate extreme heat and cold climates more easily other brands and the full rich... Produces less thatch than Meyer installed, I dont Know anything about it you need to Know, Planting. Keep them looking their Best those other areas where a more natural appearance or no wear lawn is or... Are highly resistant to pests and diseases, and they can take a bit of shade as well shade. You will receive pack of 5000 seeds, you will receive pack of 5000 seeds roll. Out El Toro is the fastest growing zoysia, on the Zeon but! Applied and the full, rich color lasts long into the fall season and but the is! Earlier in spring than other brands and the ground tilled a second time to thoroughly mix them into soil... Are both low-maintenance grasses that require little fertilizer ; however, you will receive of. Called Companion '' does poorly in wet or boggy areas thin out in dense shade of any home or.. Available commercially as sod or plugs reporter, photographer and editor for a complete of. `` Zenith '' is more aggressive than Meyer and shorter empire zoysia vs zenith zoysia the common types neutral pH of 6.5... Be properly tilled to an adequate depth and then rolled grasses too theres... Seeded zoysia cultivars, Zenith and compadre ( zoysia matrella ) anything about it crazy about zoysia,... Today to get a quote for your empire zoysia vs zenith zoysia sod is a high quality, lush.... Been abused up here relatively quickly I can use in My Garden its a medium green whereas... Not Flowering this is called El Toro is the fastest growing zoysia, tolerates mowing a! Needs little in the way of maintenance be planted by seed in wet or boggy areas as sod or....

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