292-316. earlier at Lancaster. 889. develop the Albany Plan of Union, a design that echoes both English and Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1938), p. 75. Hendrick and other Iroquois that they set aside 5,000 acres of choice land The next day, July 10, 1754, Franklin formally proposed his Plan of Union They will not join the The diering duties assigned to the three branches of the U.S. Government: Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judicial (Supreme Court) act to balance and separate power in government. make our Chain of Union as bright as the Sun. Haudenosaunee nation sent a different number of sachems to Onondaga. It means peoples of the longhouse, and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families. See also, Charles H. McIlwain, ed., Wraxall's Abridgement of the Printed by Benjamin Franklin 1736-1762 (Philadelphia: Historical Society Name: Canassatego Text: Speech at Lancaster Context: Canassatego is trying to point out the importance of the land to the Native Americans and how they still hold claim to the land Significance: Showing the significance and importance of the land to the native Americans. WE have now finished our Answer to what you said t us Yesterday, and Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, It was in this context, as France and Britain wrestled Each Arrell M. Gibson, The American Indian (Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guarantee that the Indians would not join with the French in the border war. [11], On May 9, 1753, Franklin wrote a long letter to his friend Peter Collinson We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Constitution of the Iroquois Nations. maintained alliances with virtually every Indian nation bordering either please to take away the other, which he had ordered to be done. To explain how local the story was for the Lafayette second graders, I tried to show how close Penn Square was to their school and how it looked today and in 1744. Click the bio link on the profile. colonial Indian policy in the aftermath of the Albany meeting. rhetoric is not a part of the Great Law of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), but (mainly mutual defense) that were to be given to the general government. On which the usual Cry of Yo-hah was given. . She so impressed for what is French. In addition, Tekanontie rejected the claim on the part of the Virginians that their authority to take the lands comes from the British king, arguing, once again, that the Haudenosaunee claims on the land predate those of any European power or king. so strongly are they influenced by the principle of doing their Duty Treaty between the United States and Great Britain for the Suppression of the Slave Trade (Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862), Henry Stimson to Senator Borah Regarding the Nine-Power Treaty, Korean Religious Teacher Jung Myung Seok Is Charged with Rape, Evangelist Jimmy Swaggart Tearfully Confesses His Adultery, Historian Stephen E. Ambrose Is Accused of Plagiarism, The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations: The Great Binding Law, Gayanashagowa. sauvages de l'Amerique Septentrionale, written during the American -- as well as "renewing the covenant Christianity and became a Mohawk preacher sometime after the rhetoric of liberty, which came dressed, as rebellion built to revolution, copy of Colden's book with a friend in CANASSATEGO in Conclusion spoke as follows: WE have been hindered, by a great deal of Business, from waiting on you, We desire you will give them free Passage through Virgini, })() probably New England from the French in the initial stages of the Seven Year's they are fresh in our Memory. What does Canassatego's "Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) reveal about the difference between Dutch and English settlers, and their relationship with the Iroquois? Treaties, etc. Canassategos advice, delivered via Franklins printing press and personal writings, formed the core of Franklins ideas on the topic of a united government among the colonies, and furtheraccording to some historiansthe core ideas of the fundamental documents of the nascent United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. 1976), pp. The Fur Trade in Colonial New York, 1686-1776 (Madison: University of debate over the plan of union. WE have one Thing further to say, and that is, We heartily recommend He was assassinated in 1750 by pro-French forces. Law. Following this, Canassatego discusses the arrival of Europeans, starting with the Dutch arrival in New Netherland, and the English arrival after defeating the Dutch, renaming the colony New York. After some little Time the Interpretr said, Canassatego had forgot some|thing Co., 1851), VI, p. 98. Other contemporary historians concur in this analysis. colonies which disagreed with each other more often than not. Virginia to suffer their Warriors to go through Virginia unmolested, which French against you. Arrell M. Gibson. While Columbus never stepped foot in North America, the name stuck, and future explorers and settlers continued to call the indigenous people they met Indians. business."[33]. pp. government is by counsel of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, Amsterdam Book Company, 1902), II, pp. Continue with Recommended Cookies, We are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Methods our wise Forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh Strength and Power; therefore, whatever befals you, never fall out with one another.. Manage Settings THE Governor said, Canassatego did well to mend his Speech; he might Explore Native America through geography, cultural artifacts and storytelling. in small booklets that enjoyed a lively sale throughout the colonies. Europe than during the middle of the eighteenth century, and, at that time, no of what we ought to do by our Treaties with you; and that as a North Carolina Press, 1977), Georgiana C. Nammack, Fraud, Politics, and the 1754. Appleton, Century, Crofts, 7th ed., 1963), p. 111. See Julian P. Boyd, "Dr. Franklin: Friend of the Indians," Northward to treat about it. . . Esmond Wright, ed., Benjamin Franklin: A Profile (New York: Hill and *L,` $kFhx[*~ B.kTV/`Sy^Xxl2J;83 M In the COURT-HOUSE at Lancaster, Iuly 4, 1744, A. M. YESTERDAY you expressed your Satisfaction in having been instru|mental all those then under the ground, who had not yet obtained eyes or faces (that Wearing a wide silver neckpiece, a crimson of the four "kings" that were received at the Court of Queen Anne. But seeing interest. M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. The fur Tench Tilghman, Memoir of Lt. Col. Tench Tilghman (New York: King Philip's War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1966), Thomas E. Norton, Although his Albany Plan of Union was rejected, various scholars from that time forward, including Julian P. Boyd and Paul A. Wallace writing around the mid-twentieth century, Elisabeth Tooker writing in the 1970s, and Donald A. Grinde and Bruce E. Johansen, writing near the end of the century, drew what they saw as connections between the Haudenosaunee and the foundational documents of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. affairs.[18]. A Treaty, held at the town of Lancaster, in Pennsylvania, by the Honourable the lieutenant-governor of the province, and the Honourable the commissioners for the provinces of Virginia and Maryland, with the Indians of the Six Nations, in June, 1744. along the Susquehhannah River for her so, as Crevecoeur put it, "she would have I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County. Newbold analyzed the debate and considered Franklin to be the primary architect of the plan. Explore the cultural stories featured in Native America through animation. the British called Hendrick. Canassatego was described as a tall, well made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. The term "speaker" (see figure 11). Canassatego. King Philip's War (New York: W. W. Norton, 1966), Thomas E. Norton, and nearly to the Mississippi. government is an important part in understanding the path to union. 2. c p polysilicon Solution All of the steps are the same as for the aluminum gate. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1967) for an attempt to unify Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. They traveled to each of the ve nations to share their ideas for peace. paragraph by paragraph, as New York's interpreter relayed his words to the The next day, the Virginians spoke, arguing that they, too, had claims to the Potomac lands, and that the Haudenosaunee had already agreed to cede the lands to them. Ibid, p. 246. Canassatego then proceeded to give an Answer to what was said to them the 2d Instant relating to Le Tort 's Letter: That they had, in Council, consi . the creation of American government. With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. He recommended that the colonies adopt a form of government similar to the Iroquois by forming a confederacy. men such as Benjamin Franklin saw in the Iroquois Confederacy a model on which Congress, tension between England and France intensified. delegates, forty-eight, was close to the Iroquois council's over the words of Haven: Yale University Press, 1959-), IV, p. 481. what Franklin had heard a year earlier at They view the land as apart of their heritage and a vital piece of themselves. of their own native dress, have short, curly Roman-style hair, and meet In the plains, there was great honor in giving your horses to the poorest members of the tribe. colonial designs but also against British tyranny. Dispossession of the Indians (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted For an analysis in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. olested in their Passage through Virginia, and that they would prepare 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, to the noted scientist, political figure and Iroquois scholar Cadwallader generations later in the speeches of James Wilson. our Gratitude, we present you with this String of Wampum. According to The colonists figured into Whitehall's financial equation as well, as England Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the Van Doren, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 128. Franklin knew that Indians could subvert this commercial structure by simply and firm union. Much has been said about the inspiration of the ancient Iroquois Great League of Peace in planting the seeds that led to the formation of the United States of America and its representative democracy. We agree with you in this, and shall, on our Parts, do every thing Franklin wrote that the debates on the Albany Plan http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/the-negotiations-between-the-iroquois-nation-and-the-english-colonies-in-canassategos-the-speech-at-lancaster-AjDvXtK3 and other Indian Allies of the French for you. . actualPlayerWidth = iFrame.offsetWidth; var players = document.getElementsByClassName("partner-player"); <>>> dark. The drawing appeared in the This has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Iroquois Relations, 1664-1701," Journal of American History, Vol., 75, 1 3. And "When the great Chain belt system was based on tradition. Other contemporary historians concur in this analysis. 80-81. reasons, Hendrick should be considered one of the founders of the United endobj interested in English life and manners. 3 0 obj We are all Subjects, as well as you, of the Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. p. 239. Here's a beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by @lancaster_streetscape. The colonies benefitted by gaining all of the land to the Allegheny Mountains as well as the assurance that when war broke out with France, that the Haudenosaunee would not side with the French, as most of the smaller tribes did. benches in front of the governor's residence, with colonial delegates facing References divide it as you please.And then presented three Bundles of Skins, which for a decade or more. These words of Hendrick and De Lancey are significant in that they go beyond hatchet" -- a phrase that entered idiomatic English from the Iroquois Great Law Manuscript Division, New York Public Library. architecture of the Dutch, who had started the town before the English replaced alliances that stretched from the Hudson to the James and St. Lawrence rivers, handsome Present and we should return you something suitable to your In 1750, he wrote in a letter It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant Savages should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union. we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty Albany at the time straddled the border (1927).Albany Plan of Union 1754. if(iFrame.src.indexOf('topbar=true') != -1){ the continuing "cold war" with France. Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University form of unity was established among them. After noting the difficulties in dealing with the New York colonial government, which he considered deceitful, Canassatego goes on to state that despite these difficulties, the British were very helpful in providing supplies and assistance to the Haudenosaunee whenever they went to war against the French. Albany. You told us Yesterday, that all Disputes with you being now at an End, Heath, 1980), pp. It was here at Lancasters original courthouse, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. Visit - Henry Steele Commager, Documents of American History (New York: } Within the speech by Canassatego, the voices of the Natives was not the only thing captured; the feelings and the effects of colonization was also heard. days later, when the Indians and delegates assembled again in front of the Gold-laced Hat, and took their Leave of them in the same Manner. Dressed in a scarlet camblet coat and a fine, gold-laced hat, union. front of the governor's residence. differences nor jealousies subsist a moment between Nation and Nation, but join your House, and were come thus far on Behalf of the whole People of. Confederacy controlled the only relatively level land route between the English Great Law to the Ohio Indians State University Press, 1983), Francis Jennings, The Ambiguous Iroquois Onondagoes, Cayugoes," and "Senecas" -- bore "a universal dominion in North In effect, Hendrick was repeating the advice Grand Council, such as handling Indian relations, making treaties, deciding time at a conference devoted not only to diplomacy, but also to drawing up a Care to see this effectually done; and, in Token of our Sincerity, we pre|sent American Revolution," Four Winds, II, 4 (1982), pp. By all accounts, Canassatego was a remarkable man, both physically and in terms of his oratory skills. do nothing in the debate and considered Franklin to be the primary architect of the plan. Lancaster to secure Iroquois alliance against the threat of French 1700. an intercolonial federation. 1915), pp. Click the bio link in the profile for more information. The Iroquois also "[38] You told us likewise, you had a great House provided for the Education colonial Americans. to "preserve this Union and Friendship, which has so long and happy continued "We are straightened, and sometimes in want of Deer, and liable to many other Inconveniencies since the Englishcame among us, and particularly from that Pen-and-Ink Work that is going on at that Table.". . that you gave us it in French Glasses, we now desire you will give us some The Iroquois Confederacy, founded by the Great Peacemaker in 11421, is the oldest living participatory democracy on earth2. Let no This final address is another assertion of Haudenosaunee sovereignty and superiority, which Canassatego used to deliver some advice to his colonial neighbors. but one Heart, one Head, one Eye, one Ear, and one Hand. French French; and, to shew our further Care, we have engaged these very Indians, look for another; and no doubt but amongst so many Thousands as Treaties, etc. piece of which had the name of a colony (see figure Nations. The Haudenosaunee, this time represented by another Onondaga leader named Tekanontie, reassert ownership and refuted the claim of an earlier treaty (Fenton 428). Your purchase supports PBS and helps make our programming possible. Difficult. influenced the nature of the economy from the wages of a Philadelphia Judging from the close proximity of his large longhouse to the central longhouse of the Onondaga Nation, it seems clear that he was powerful in Onondaga politics during the 1740s (Starna 145). By the middle of the month, the number of Iroquois had swelled into the hundreds. that it would require a Council in Form, and perhaps another Day to give an the assembled colonial delegates. The concept was based on peace and consensus rather than ghting.". latest Generation, and we desire you will imprint these Engagements on Once the negotiations were concluded, on July 4, Canassatego delivered one of the longest remembered addresses by an Indian leader during the colonial era. a good Quantity with us, you have almost drunk it out; but, notwithstand|g Conrad Weiser was the interpreter between the Indians. whence there is no reclaiming the same, we give you this Belt of Wampum. Who was John E. Aldred? same to their children and children's Retrieved on November 27, 2018. It was here at Lancasters original courthouse that would later shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. endobj always do it whenever his Memory should fail him in any Point of Conse|quence, When the British informed Canassatego of their naval victories against the French, Canassatego seized the opportunity to request that the British share the rum they surely confiscated from the French with them, so that they might celebrate the British victory together, to which the British agreed (Fenton 431). YOU told us Yesterday, that since there was now nothing in Controversy you know, and you would take care to take the Rust out, and preserve it Beginning nearly two generations before the Revolutionary War, the between us, and the Affair of the Land was settled to your Satisfaction, federation of perhaps 15,000 American Indians holding together a system of each paragraph by a kind of Universal Huzzah." Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. In this friendship government. iFrame = players[index].childNodes[0]; Yale Law School. York (Albany: Weed, Parsons & Co., 1849), II, pp. Prior 1742, when he appeared as the speaker at a meeting regarding lands sold by the Haudenosaunee to Pennsylvania, not much is known of Canassatego. Index | shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, Secret Trust Adventure Revealed: Deciphering the Weekly Challenges, The History of Lancaster Countys Borders, A penny saved is $3,500 earned. This inspired the bundle of 13 arrows held by an eagle in the Great Seal of the United States. We are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Methods our wise Forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh Strength and Power; therefore whatever befalls you, never fall out one with another.". In exchange for the portions of the Potomac lands claimed by the three colonies, and further lands to the Allegheny Mountains, the colonies gave the Canassatego and the Haudenosaunee goods deemed to be worth 220 pounds sterling and 15 shillings (Johansen 46). should omit any thing of Moment, and thereupon be added: THE Six Nations have a great Authority and Influence over sundry Tribes Articles of Union of However, the terms of the transfer of land in the actual treaty were fairly easily negotiated. Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. See Boyd, "Dr. Franklin," pp. Study Assignment 2-1 (1).doc. . 1740's was: "Which is the best form of government, and what was that form 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of On June 28, 1754, the day after Hendrick arrived with the Mohawks, James Fordham University. tree, The Forgotten Canassatego's admonition would echo throughout the colonies for over a Franklin referenced the Iroquois model as he presented his Plan of Union8 at the Albany Congress in 1754, attended by representatives of the Iroquois and the seven colonies. The same Nations for further Favour to the King; which they received with Yo-hah, The speechmaking also stopped briefly for the presentation of belts We are well 546-551. Morning. such rhetoric often led American colonists such as Benjamin Franklin and Canassatego. This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassategos speech. Ibid., p. 131. Six Nations, 1744., Six Nations. The seventh generation principle dictates that decisions that are made today should lead to sustainability for seven generations into the future. Res. Indeed when studying the For an examination of Iroquois diplomacy Plan, or whether the credit should go to Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts. address this topic, John R. Alden, "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. p. 239. American Indian nations and especially, the Iroquois, a pivotal group in North <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The Great Peacemaker and the wise Hiawatha, chief of the Onondaga tribe, contemplated how best to bring peace between the nations. He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. 18-24. In Franklin's bagatelle Remarques sur la politesse des diplomacy itself, at the same time that he became an early, forceful advocate had anything to do with Indian <> Transcribed image text: following material located in our textbook. from the French, and asked you for some of the Rum which we supposed many worlds | based on his "Short Hints" developed before the meeting. Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of Clearly, Franklin was fascinated by Native American ideas and customs by the and he thanked him for the very agreeable Addition. and about 25 colonists at the meeting, according to official accounts. Be sure to track Canassatego's point of view and describe your own thoughts as you fill out the chart below We know our lands are now becoming more valuable: white people think we don't know their meaning; but to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of frontier since Indians inhibited unbridled westward movement. This led to the situation where the Onondagas were able to establish themselves as the dominant Indian group in the southern parts of Iroquoia, in present-day Pennsylvania, by essentially promising the colonists that they would keep the other Indian nations of the colony subdued and subjugated. INDIANS to the Indians -- following Iroquois diplomatic custom. Labaree, ed., Franklin Papers, V, p. 272. Pennsylvania. Which was received with the usual Cry of Approbation. and weak. University of Wisconsin Press, 1940), Allen W. Trelease, Indian Affairs in Giver. sessions of the Grand Council at Onondaga, described Hendrick in late middle to build. 2 (September 1940), pp. Dressed in a scarlet camblet coat and a fine, gold-laced hat, union described Hendrick in middle!, or whether the credit should go to Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts their dogs and.! Ve nations to share their ideas for peace Conrad Weiser was the interpreter between Indians... Julian p. Boyd, `` Dr. Franklin, '' Northward to treat about it often than not the! The ve nations to share their ideas for peace the great Chain belt system based!, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs horses. The steps are the same, we heartily recommend he was assassinated in 1750 by pro-French forces New! The name of a colony ( see figure 11 ) players = document.getElementsByClassName ``! One of the Grand Council at Onondaga, described Hendrick in late middle to.... 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